White Papers


New Mexico State University Study

Effect of Greens Construction, Irrigation Type and Root Zone Material on Irrigation
Efficiency, Turfgrass Quality and Water Use on Putting Greens in the Southwest


Choosing the Right Sand

Evaluation and selection of sand for use in EPIC installations


Fertilization and Management of Plants in EPIC Installations
for Professionals

A description of the science and hydrology behind EPIC, and its impact
on ferilization requirements


Hard Water and EPIC Systems

Will hard water eventually clog the capillary sand bed or affect any other portion of
the system? The answer is no, but the science dynamics behind the answer take a little more reading.


Drainage Dynamics in EPIC Systems

To understand the drainage perspectives in EPIC systems it is important to understand the
interconnected dynamics and functions of the different underground structures.


New Water Management Strategies

As populations increase, water supply demands are pushed to a critical level.


Ecological Benefits of Turf & Other Vegetation

Turfgrass sod in urban areas and communities can aid in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.


Pollutant Removal in EPIC Systems

How to reduce & mitigate pollutants that are discharged to watersheds during storm events.


Psychological Benefits of Turf and Other Vegetation

Eco-psychologists believe that we humans have an innate affinity with the natural world and experience
positive mood states when we are in green places, by water or up mountains.

EPIC vs. Synthetic Grass

Any athlete prefers good natural grass.

EPIC Agricultural Strip Farming Layout

A practical design for water savings in row crops, particularly well suited
for retrofitting sterile of salt-laden fields.

EPIC Golf Course Bunker Drainage

The EPIC System is ideally suited to the unique challange of bunker drainage.
EPIC cannot plug, and has performed flawlessly even in record rainfall events
totalling over 8 inches in 24 hours.

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Comments on EPIC

The MPCA reviews EPIC in the role of primary stormwater management and rules that EPIC qualifies as
a Filtration system under Part III,C,2 and does not require additional monitoring and mitigation plan
as required by the Alternative Method section Part III,C,5.